Ramadan 40 hadith (Arbain)
by Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam al-Kawthari
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEED5497E98966FAC
1
Abu hurayra relates, RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "When the month of ramadan enters, the doors of the heavens are opened up, the doors of jahannam are closed, and the shayatin are chained"
Reported by Imam Bukari and Muslim
Another variation instead of sama, jannah is used
Ulama say that doors of sama' here mean doors of jannah
Jannah is above the heavens, in order to get to jannah you have to go through the heavens
Some ulama said literaly theyre opened up, others say it refers to the great opportunities for muslims to enter jannah,
Shayatin being imprisoned means its easier for muslims to avoid commiting sins in ramadan
People commit sins for 2 reasons
1 waswasa of shaytan
2 his own nafs/soul * which doesnt go away in ramadan
Summary:Very easy to be pious/do good works in ramadan and to avoid sins
2
Hadith recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
Companion Sahl relates that RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said, "Verily in jannah there is a door called rayan, the sa'imun/people of fasting will enter it on yawm al qiyama. Nobody else besides them can enter it besides them. ayna sa'imun. It will be announced where are the sa'imun/those who observed fasting. They will stand up, and once they enter the door will be closed and nobody else will enter."
Different doors of jannah have different names, reserved for different acts of worship
Bab us salah. Those who observed excessive prayer
Bab u jihad
Bab u sadaqa
Rayan
My parents be sacrificed on you, ya rasulAllah (salallahu alayhi wasalam), will anyone be called from all the doors? Yes, and I hope youre (Abu Bakr) going to be of those people
On the Fadila/virtues of sawm.
3
Hadith recorded by Imams Bukhari and Muslim: Abu Hurayra says RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said:
Whoever stands in ramadan (in the middle of the night for salah) with iman and ihtisab, all his sins will be forgiven
Whoever fasts month of ramdan with iman and ihtisab...same
Whoever stands on laylatul qadr with iman and ihtisab his previous sins are all forgiven
1iman - having full yaqin/conviction, devotion, concentration, khushoo, out of love, not taking it as a burden, keeping in mind the inner meanings of it.
2ihtisab- hope of reward from Allah. Intention is 100% for the sake of Allah, to earn his pleasure. Ikhlas.
sins meaning All sins that are connected between him and Allah, but principle- human being has to seek forgiveness from another human being. Returning money etc
4
Long famous hadith - hadith of salman al farisi.He relates this hadith.
Recorded by imam ibnu khuzayma, in his Sahih.
Salman al farisi says: "The Rasul sws gave us a sermon/khutba on the last day of sha'ban. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said in his sermon. O people, a great month has arrived. A month full of blessings/mubarak. Its a month in which there's a night which is better than 1000 months. Allah has made fasting in this month an obligation. And he has made standing in the night optional for you. Whoever attains proximity to Allah with a good action, it is as though he has carried out a fard act out of ramadan. And whoever carries out a fard in ramadan, its as if he carried out 70 fard actions outside of ramadan. Its a month of sabr/patience....
(Many imams on last day of shaban read this full hadith, read Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam's khutba)
Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would anticipate ramadan 2 months in advance. When he salallahu alayhi wasalam saw cresent of rajab, he (salallahu alayhi wasalam) would say Allahuma barklana...
Complaining about fasting/ramadan is being ungrateful for this great blessing
Doing a virtuous nafl in ramadan gains the reward of carrying out a fard outside of ramadan. for ex thawab of fajr can be gained by doing nafl ibada in ramadan
One fajr prayer gets thawab of 70.
...And the reward of sabr is nothing but jannah. This month is a month of sympathy/muwassat. And this month is such that in it the provision/rizq of a believer is increased. Whoever provides iftar for a fasting person, then this is a means of all his sins being forgiven, and it frees him from the fire of hell.And whoever provides iftar for another will share his reward/ (get the same reward without decreasing any of their reward.).
They (sahaba) said - O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam, not all of us have something we can provide others with for iftar. Fa qalla (Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam), (not sure if this is part of the hadith)- (don't worry, its about ikhlas (quantity not quantity))- Allah will you give you this reward even if you provide to the fasting person 1 date, or a drink of water, or a sip of milk. And this is a month, the beginning part of it (first 10 days) is (full of) mercy/rahma. And its middle is forgiveness. And its last (10 days) is freedom from the fire. Whoever lessons the burden from his slave, Allah forgives his sins and frees him from the fire. Try to 4 things as much as possible, 2 things by which you will please your lord, and 2 things you can't do without. As far as the 2 things to please your lord, 1 give shahada as much as possible, 2 make istighfar as much as possible. And the 2 things you cant do without: 1 ask Allah for Jannah, and 2 seek His protection from hellfire. Whoever provides iftar to a fasting person, enough so that he's satisfied, Allah will give him water from my Haawd, on the Day of judgement, so he'll never be thirst until he enters paradise."
Ramadan makes us think about the less fortunate. Getting a feel of how its like to be poor.
First 10 days ask Allah for mercy, next 10 ask for forgiveness, last 10 ask for Jannah and freedom from naar.
Slaves nowadays can apply to managers and their employees.
5
Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Every deed of the son of adam is for him, brings 10 hasanat/rewards and it can go to 700. Hadith Qudsi: Allah says, 'except for fast, because fasting is for Me, and I shall reward it, this person has left his desires for my sake.' For a fasting person there are two means of enjoyement. 1.A happiness at the time of iftar. 2 A happiness when he meets his Lord. The odor in the mouth of a fasting person is purer/atyab to Allah than the fragrance of musk."
Imam Bukhari and Muslim, has appeared with different variations.
Quran 6:160
Some ulama said, fast is a unique act of worship. In everything else, except salah, which is short, a human being doesnt leave all his basic needs, in fasting you leave everything.
Others said becuase theres no riya/ostensation in fasting. Totally for Allah alone.
6
Abu Hurayra said : RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Upon you a month full of blessings has arrived. Allah has obligated fasting in this month.The doors of the heavens are opened, and the doors of hellfire are closed, and the shayatin are chained. For Allah there is a night which is better than 1000 months. Whoever is deprived its goodness (of the night and the whole month) then this person is totally deprived."
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, and Nisa'i in his Sunan
Ulama say If one cant get himself forgiven, sort himself out in ramadan, its very unlikely he'll ever sort himself out
7
Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Whoever does not abandon obscenity/false conversation and acting upon it, then Allah is not in need of this individual abstaining from food and drink."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari, in his sahih.
More to fasting than staying away from food and drink
Sawm al lisan, guarding the tongue
Avoiding sins in ramadan, but specificaly sins of the tongue.
When someone is fasting, he's avoiding 3 halal things. But not staying away from the haram?...
Backbiting, swearing, slandering etc talebearing
Ensure that no word is uttered except that we think thoughuly beforehand..
..like imam Shafi'e used to do. Someone would speak to him, he would think for a while then speak..When asked why, he said he wanted to see if its better for him to speak or remain quiet.
"The one who believes in Allah and the Final Day, let him speak that which is good or keep qurit
zur means lying, but not restricted to that.
Allah is not in need- He doesnt want your fast, no reward. You don't have to make qadha/make up, but no thawab.
One of the early scholars said a fasting person is worshiping Allah constantly as long as he doesnt backbite, even when he's sleeping
8
Abu hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Fasting is a shield/junna. Therefore, the person who is fasting, do not be obscene in your talk, do not be foolish/make foolish remarks, and if someone want to argue with you/or slanders/swears at you, he should say brother I'm fasting 2 times.
Imam Bukhari and Muslim recorded it. Mutakhafun alayhi.
Shield meaning its preserving the person from commiting sins and thus falling into hellfire.
Rafath-Allah mentions this with hajj. Quran: 2-197
Rewards are deprived from great acts of worship because of swearing, bickering, etc.
A muslim is considerate in interactions in geneara, but especially when fasting
No obsence language, no foolish talk/provoking others.If someone swears at you, dont retaliate.
9
Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "The true fast is not to merely abstain from food and drink, rather True fast is to abstain from futile activities/laghw and obscene talk/rafth.
Recorded by Imam ibnu Hibban in his Sahih
laghw- that which has no benefit in dunya or akhira, wasting time.
The fast which pleases Allah, which He rewards and asks us of is not just avoiding food and drink, which anyone can do,
10
Abu Hurayra related: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "When one of you is fasting, then making sure not to use obsence language, and not to be foolish/irresponsible in your speech/yajha. And if someone provokes you, have conrol over youself. Say I am a fasting man. (in a gentle way, not being sarcastic)
Very similar to previous 2 hadiths
Recorded by Imam ibn Majah in his sunan
No slandering, foul, bickering etc
11
Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said:" ruba/kama how many people are there who fast who gain nothing from their fast except hunger and thirst. And how many people stay awake (qiyam ul layl) but they gain nothing but staying awake.
Recorded by Imam ibn Majah in his Sunan
No thawab/reward from Allah.
Because theyre involved in sins, they don't preserve their limbs, especially the tounge
12
'ana Ubaydin mawla rasullah an - in the time of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam 2 women observed fast for ramadan. A man came to RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam and said ya rasulAllah sws there are 2 women who have observed a fast, but due to the extreme thirst they are facing, they could die any moment. RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam remained quiet. The man returned, ya nabiALlah salallahu alayhi wasalam, by Allah the 2 woman are very close to death. Go and bring them. The 2 woman came. When they both came to Rasul sws a utensil was brought to him salallahu alayhi wasalam, and he salallahu alayhi wasalam said to one of the woman vomit in this utensil. This woman vomited, blood puss and flesh came out of her mouth until she filled half the utensil. When they both vomited, Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said, these 2 woman observed their fast, but they sat with one another all day long, and consumed the flesh of people.
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his musnad.
Important, slightly long.
Relating an incident that took place in the time of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam
Hadith sahih.
Quran 49:12
Ghiba, one of the major sins/enormities.
Switch off your phones if you want. Ghiba will destroy the hasanat from reading quran...
13
Recorded by Imam Bukhari under chapter heading Chapter Regarding the Removal of Knowledge of Laylatul Qadr because of the Argumentation of People
Ubada bin Samit says:"The Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam once emerged from his house to inform us about laylatul qadr. However, two men from the muslims were arguing. So Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said I came out to inform you when laylatal qadr is. But such and such person and such and such person were bickering, so rof'iyat/Allah took away the knowledge of it. Its probably better for you that way. So search for it in the 9th, 7th, or 5th. (meaning 29th, 27th, or 25th.) (or when 9 nights are remaining, 21st, or 7-23rd, or 5)
Better than 1000 months, meaning the reward of worship in that night is like continous worship for 1000 months
Al jidalu wal mira, argumentation. They take away good things.
Imam Malik used to say: Argumentation even about matters of religion takes away the light of knowledge.
Far better to pray tarawih at home, than in jama at the masjid but harming another, arguing.
General principle. Onion and garlic...cigarrettes...these harm people which is sinful
Avoid argumentation absolutely in ramadan, have sabr, sympathy, courtesy. Mellow down, control your anger.
14
Abdullah ibn Amr said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: The fast and Quran will intercede on behalf of the slave on the day of judgement. Fast will say ya rabbi I prevented him from eating, drinking, and fulfilling his lawful needs during the day, so therefore accept my intercession. Quran will say ya rabbi I prevented him from sleeping at night. So accept my intercesion. The intercessions will be accepted."
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his musnad, and Imam Bayhaqi in shu'ab al iman.
Allah will enable a lot of things to speak on doj that normally can't.
Importance of fasting and reciting quran
month of Ramadan has special link to quran
Quantity is imp but quality is greater. Don't forget the adab of reciting quran.
Imam Nawawi- at tabyan fi adabi hamalatil quran
With tadaburr/reflection, with khushoo/devotion, with concentration.
When verses of jannah appear asking for his jannah, mercy and forgiveness.
When verses of hellfire appear, seeking His protection from it.
When He says ya ayuhal ladhena amanu, being attentative.
Being in wudu.
Facing qibla.
Very good to read it at night
With tajweed.
Imam Malik when the month of ramadan would come he would run away from teaching and dedicate it to reciting quran
Imam shafi' would make 60 khatm
Abu Hanafi, 61 khatms. 1 in day, 1 in night, 1 in tarawih.
15
Ibn Abbas said: "Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam was the most geneous of people with giving good things/khayr. And his generosity would increase in Ramadhan. And Jibril would meet him on every night in Ramadan until it came to an end. He salallahu alayhi wasalam would present (in another riwaya revise) Quran with Jibril. In this month in which Jibril would meet Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam during the nights, he would be more generous than blowing wind."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari
Ulama have discused reason for this,
Some said because of the virtue of the month.
Also you're helping others carry out good deeds.
Optional charity, besides zakat. Most like to pay it in ramadan, but you can pick any date.
Not just cash but food, clothing, anything we can give with ikhlas/sincerity.
Good to revise/study Quran in ramadhan
16
mughira bin shu'ba said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam would stand in prayer at night until his feet would become swolen. He said O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam do you need to exert that much effort? Then should I not be a thankful slave?" In another riwaya, you're protected, forgiven.
Recorded by Imam Bukhari, regarding Rasul's sws tahajjud.
He would do tahajjud excessively, especially in ramadan.
Long qira'a in tahajjud druring ramadan was his salallahu alayhi wasalam practice.
Hudayfa once joined him salallahu alayhi wasalam, he salallahu alayhi wasalam recited baqara, then nisa, then ale imran in 1 rakat. Whenever he passed a verse of fear he would stop and ask Allah's forgiveness and protection...Janah...He did 2 rakats like this when Bilal came to him to let him know the time for fajr would be soon
Hadith in musnad of imam ahmad
Do minimum 2 rakats before suhoor. Time of suhoor is time of dua, asking forgiveness
17
Aisha said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam when the last 10 days and 10 nights would arrive in ramadan, he would tighten his mi'zara/resolve, ahya layla/stay awake/gave life to the night, and woke his family.
Imam bukhari and muslim recorded it. Bukhari Chapter regarding actions in the last 10 days.
Shada mi'zara- 2 meanings.
1 some took it literal, meaning he salallahu alayhi wasalam would stay away from any sexual intimicy in the last 10 nights. (No time for that, time for worship.)
2 others didnt take it literaly. Arabs used this phrase to mean to tighten one's resolve. He salallahu alayhi wasalam would observe i'itikaf in these nights.
Also no sleep at night. Sleep if you need after fajr.
Awaken his family, sunnah of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and sahaba, for tahajjud. In some riwayat its mentioned he would knock at door of fatima and ali and say, aren't you going to salah?
After 1/2 the night passed, Wmar would wake his family saying as salah as salah reciting wa'mur ahlaka bis salati wastabir alayha.
In the begining of Islam, it was haram to have any relations with wives at night, but that was hard on the muslims.
18
Anas said: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam was once asked, which fast is most virtueous after the fast of ramadan? He said the fast of sha'ban. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam was asked what form of charity/sadaqa is most virtuous? He salallahu alayhi wasalam said charity in the month of ramadan.
Recorded by imam timidhi.
Every good is increased in ramadan.
19
Anas ibn malik said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam said: Observe suhoor/pre dawn meal, because verily there is baraka/blessings in suhoor.
Both imam bukhari and muslim.
Command of recommendation/it is mustahab, not wajib.
Delaying it to the last moments before dawn, most baraka and reward
Sahoor.
Suhoor. Imam nawawi said if its with fatha, the food is called sahoor. The act of eating is suhoor.
One of the wisdoms is it helps people offer tahajjud. Sunnah of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and sahaba.
Baraka, phyicsical baraka, it gives us physical energy
Spititual baraka, at that time rahma descends, time of istighfar and acceptance of dua. Helps us carry out good deeds
At least have a few dates, or water, for the sake of attaining the baraka, and following the sunnah.
20
Irdad bin sariya: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam once invited me to suhoor in ramadhan. He said come to the blessed/mubarak meal.
Recorded by imam abu dawud and imam nasa'ie in their sunans.
1 Suhoor is full of blessings
2 Sunnah to invite people for suhoor
21
Abu Hurayra said: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Blessed/na'ma is the suhoor of a believer which is dates.
Recorded by imam abu dawud in his sunan
He salallahu alayhi wasalam is praising suhoor with dates in it.
Consume some dates with the intention of acting upon his salallahu alayhi wasalam sunah.
22
Sahl ibn sa'd relates: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "People will always be in a good state/ be at ease, as long as they haste to do iftar.
Recorded by Imams Bukhari and Muslim
Sunnah to delay suhoor as much as possible,
&
being hasty with ending the fast. Intention of acting upon the sunnah
To delay it without a need considerably is mukruh.
23
Anas ibn Malik relates: Whoever finds dates, then he should open his fast on dates, if he cannot find dates, he should open his fast on water, because water is pure/purifcation for him
Recorded by Imam tirmidhi in his sunan as well as imam nisa'e and dawud and others
About iftar
Whats sunah to have first when opening the fast
Variation: When one of you opens your fast,, then open your fast on dates, because theres baraka in it. And whoever does not find dates, let him open on water, becasue it is purifying for him
Dates, then water.
24
Anas ibn malik says: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast before he would pray on a few rutubat/wet dates. If there were no rutub dates available, then with tumayrat/few dried dates. If no tumayrat, then a few sips of water
About Iftar
Recorded by imam tirmidhi, and abu dawud
Sunnah is to open fast before salat
&
to have a few dates, few sips of water, then pray. Leave the meal till after we pray. Most people don't do siwak.
Salah is invalidated when food pieces go down the throat.
If someone is very hungry , eat well, wash down thoroughly then pray.
Imam tirmidhi relates that in winter months he salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast with dates, in summer months with water
Dates are mubarak and water is tahoor.
25
Recored by Imam abu dawud in his sunan
Muadh ibnu zahra relates: When (before) rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast, he'd say:
Allahuma laka sumtu, 'ala rizq ika aftartu . Sunnah before to recite before opening the fast. All about what Allah commands. Our fasting was for him, and our food is his. If he says eat, we eat, if he says don't eat, we don't.
Diffirent version
اللَّهُمَّ اِنِّى لَكَ صُمْتُ وَبِكَ امنْتُ [وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ] وَعَلَى رِزْقِكَ اَفْطَرْتُ
Allahumma Inni laka sumtu wa bika amantu [wa alayka tawakkalto] wa ‘ala rizqika aftartu
26
Recored by Imam Abu Dawud in his sunan
Abdullah ibn Umar said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam after opening his fast, he'd say:
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ، وَ ثَبَتَ الأجْرُ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Transliteration:
dhahabadh dhama-u wabtallatil ‘urooqu, wa tha-batal ajru insha Allah
My hunger has gone, my veins are now wet, and inshallah reward has been established
27
Recorded by imam Bukhari and Muslim
Chapter in sahih bukhari- A fasting person can be in a state of major ritual impurity (Janaba)
A junob is a person in a state of janaba
Abdarrahman ibn Harith relates from aisha and umm salma: "Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would enter fajr time, whilst he would be in a state of janaba, due to having relations with his wife. Then he'd make ghusl."
His salallahu alayhi wasalam wives would relate personal home matters to us.
Sexual relations are fine till the last minute before fajr.
Not even mukruh.
28
Recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim in their sahihs
Abu Hurayra related: Nabi sws said: "When a fasting person forgets and eats and drinks, then he should complete his fast, because Allah has feed him and Allah has given him drink."
khatab-mistake
nisyan-forgeting
mistake-person knows they're fasting, but for ex they're gargling and a little goes down, the fast is broken and they have to make it up.
Most of the imams of the schools say that if a person forgetfully eats/drinks they dont have to make it up.
Imam Malik says you have to make it up but theres no sin
29
Recored by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
About fasting while traveling
Anas ibn Malik : We were traveling with RasulALlah salallahu alayhi wasalam. While we were on the journey, some observed the fast, and others didn't. The ones who fasted didnt rebuke/ look down on those who didnt. And those who didn't didn't rebuke those who did."
Verse in the quran says if someone's
ill
or
traveling he doesnt have to fast
Ulama say you should try to fast if its not difficult when traveling, if is difficult then don't fast.
Sahaba had ikhtilaf, they didnt dispute.
Make up for it when youre able to do so if you dont
30
Jabir Ibn Abdullah said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam was once in a journey. Whilst they were traveling, he saw a crowd, and a man they were crowding around and giving him shade. So he said ma hadha. They said he's fasting. (this part is found in other than sahih of bukhari) Fasting while your traveling is not min al birri/act of piety.
Commentators say it was extremely hot, some say the man was abu israel al 'amali?, traveling and fasting. He became unconcious.
Important to take context of hadiths. It was very difficult, traveling in the desert.
31
Abu Hurayra: Rasul sws said, "whoever misses/fails to observe one day of fast of ramadhan, without an excuse, or any illness, even if he was to fast all his life it wouldn't be enough for him."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari in his sahih and many others
ill, traveling
if you break fast, kafara-60 days fast
if you miss one altohether, you have to make it up, after ramadhan.
The sin is gone then, but the blessings and thawab etc you lost you can never be made up for
However one who makes up with an excuse gets same reward.
32
Talks about kafara
kafara - penalty/expiation. When one without an excuse breaks an already observed fast, according to most ulama this person in addition to qadha has to do kafara, 60 days continous fasting
qadha - make up.
Summary of hadith
Abu Hurayra says we were sitting with rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and a man came. He said O Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam I'm destroyed. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said what's wrong? In another variation what's destroyed you? I've had sexual relations with my wife whilst fasting. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said theres kafara, do you have a slave you can free? No. Can you fast 2 months consecutively? No. Can you feed 60 poor people? He said he can't afford that. Someone came with a bundle of dates. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said to him, take this and do kafara with it. He said there's no one in Medina as poor as my family, can I feed my family?
Sahaba werent shy, they were very open with Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam
You need to geniounly be in physcial state where you cant fast 2 months consecutively to feed 60 poor.
33
Aisha relates RasulAllah sws said: Search for laylatul qadr in the odd nights from the last 10 nights of ramadhan.
Reward for worshp of Allah in this night is = to worshiping Allah for 1000 months
All duas are accepted in it.
21 , 23 , 25 , 27, 29
Many ahadith have been mentioned regarding laylatul Qadr
Another hadith: Seek it in the 27th night. Another in the 21st. another in 23 etc.
According to some ulama laylatul qadr can occur at any night in the year, but most likely in ramadan, in ramadan most likely in last 10 nights, and from the last 10 nights, the odd nights. And some said most likely 27th. But others said 25, 23 etc.
Be very careful with our time in the last odd nights. In the hopes that maybe its laylatulqadr.
34
Aisha says: I asked the RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam ya rasulAllah if I find laylatulqadr, what should I say in it. Say: Allahuma inaka 'afufun tuhibbu 'afwa, fa' fu'wani
O Allah you are forgiving, you love forgiving, so forgive me
Some ahadith have mentioned certain signs of laylatulqadr
Generaly recite this, but excessively in the last 10 nights
Imam tirmidhi says its sahih, recorded in Musnad of Imam Ahmad, Imam ibn Majah, and imam tirmidhi
35
Recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
Books of hadith have sections of i'tikaf, kitab ul i'tikaf
Abd Allah Ibn Umar Said: "RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam would perform i'itikaf in the last 10 days of ramadan."
i'tikaf - Spiritual retreat. It is a great form of ibada
Can be done outside of ramadan, but specific to and most rewarding in ramadan
Remaining with intention of seclusion in masjid where 5 prayers are prayed.
Sunna of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam. Numerous ahadith regarding his salallahu alayhi wasalam i'itikaf.
Every year he salallahu alayhi wasalam observed itikaf
Concept is that a person is dedicating himself to Allah. At least for 10 days of the year we should totally devote ourselves to ibada of Allah
'Ata used to say the example of a person observing i'itkaf is like a man on the door of the emir for a need. The mu'takif goes to the door of Allah saying O Allah I won't leave until you forgive me.
Another hadith in Bukhari, in every ramadan he salallahu alayhi wasalam observed last 10 days itikaf, his sws last year he observed 20 days.
Many ahadith talk about its virtues. At least do it once in ones life time.
* sunnah mu'akada kifaya.
36
Abd Allah ibn Umar relates - Umar ibn al khattab asked Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam, O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam in the jahiliyya I made a vow that I will observe i'itikaf for 1 night in masjid al haram. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: Fulfill your vow."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari. Babun al 'itikafi laylan
If one cannot do a full 24 hour itikaf, at least do some nafl i'tikaf in the month of ramadan.
We can make intention of itikaf any time we enter masjid
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Recorded by Imam Tirmidhi in his sunan, classified sahih
Aisha says: "The fasts I used to not observe in Ramadhan, I wouldnt make them up, except in Sha'ban, until Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam passed away."
Being mindful of the rights of the husband
Any time he salallahu alayhi wasalam may need his company, to fulfill his needs, etc, so she wouldnt fast except in Sha'ban
Sha'ban is full of blessings.
Aisha said He salallahu alayhi wasalam used to fast most of sha'ban, rather he would fast all of it.
I've not observed Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam observe more fast in any month except in the month of sha'ban.
She would excessively fast after death of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam throughout the year
A woman is forbidden observe nafl fast whilst the husband is present without his permission
Some commentators point out that one of the wisdoms of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam fasting in Sha'ban, was to support his wives so that they'd complete their fasts.
Encouraged for husband to fast with the women making up fasts. And not to expect them to cook etc.
You don't need to make up fasts straight away.
Wrong/sinful to delay after next Ramadan. You should tell someone/write down the fasts you werent able to make up so if you die and didn't make them up, a relative can pay to compensate for it.
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Recorded by Imam Muslim in his Sahih.
Abu Ayyub al Ansari - Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said : "Whoever observes the fast of Ramadhan, then follows it with 6 from the shawwal. It is as though he has observed fast for a whole year
According to most scholars it is mustahhab to fast six days in the month of Shawwal
After eid, haram to fast in eid.
Better to do it consecutively, but most ulama say its fine to do it seperately within Shawwal.
Some ulama said fasting in the month before and after is like the sunnah prayers before and after the fard.
Sha'ban and Shawwal, greatly encouraged to fast in them.
Any difficencies in fasts of Ramadhan can be compensated for with the nafl fast in Sha'ban and Shawwal
Reward is only if you complete Ramadhan. Sisters should first complete the make up fasts then nawafil. Some ulama say its fine to combine intention.
One of the wisdoms mentioned by some ulama is every good act's reward is tenfold, so 30 days of fasting in ramadan times 10 is 300 fasts. 6 fasts of shawwal are another 60. So reward of 360 days of fasting.
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Related by Anas Ibn Malik : Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would eat a few dates before leaving for salat al fitr.
Recorded by Imam Tirmidhi in his sunan
One of many hadiths relating to eid al fitr. Many sunans mentioned with them. The nights preceding them are nights of worshiping and turning to Allah
Before you leave for salah of eid al fitr, eat a few dates. If no dates then anything sweet with intention of following sunnah will do.
40
Recorded by Imam Ibn Hibban in his Sahih
Abu Hurayra relates: Once Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam climbed up the minbar and said amen 3 times. When the sahaba asked him why, he sws said Jibril came to me, and he said whoever despite obtaining the month of ramdhan was not forgiven, and entered the Hellfire, Allah remove him away. Say Amin. Whoever finds his parents in old age and doesn't obtain jannah from serving them, and he's disobeying them, because of which he enters hellfire, Allah take/throw him away. Say amin. Whoever hears my name and fails to recite blessings, Allah throw him away far. Say Amin. I said Amin.
the shaykh mentions a portion of the hadith.
Sums up the whole month of Ramadhan
Some of the salaf used to say whoever was not able to get himself forgiven in ramadhan, he'll never get himself forgiven.
by Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam al-Kawthari
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEED5497E98966FAC
1
Abu hurayra relates, RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "When the month of ramadan enters, the doors of the heavens are opened up, the doors of jahannam are closed, and the shayatin are chained"
Reported by Imam Bukari and Muslim
Another variation instead of sama, jannah is used
Ulama say that doors of sama' here mean doors of jannah
Jannah is above the heavens, in order to get to jannah you have to go through the heavens
Some ulama said literaly theyre opened up, others say it refers to the great opportunities for muslims to enter jannah,
Shayatin being imprisoned means its easier for muslims to avoid commiting sins in ramadan
People commit sins for 2 reasons
1 waswasa of shaytan
2 his own nafs/soul * which doesnt go away in ramadan
Summary:Very easy to be pious/do good works in ramadan and to avoid sins
2
Hadith recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
Companion Sahl relates that RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said, "Verily in jannah there is a door called rayan, the sa'imun/people of fasting will enter it on yawm al qiyama. Nobody else besides them can enter it besides them. ayna sa'imun. It will be announced where are the sa'imun/those who observed fasting. They will stand up, and once they enter the door will be closed and nobody else will enter."
Different doors of jannah have different names, reserved for different acts of worship
Bab us salah. Those who observed excessive prayer
Bab u jihad
Bab u sadaqa
Rayan
My parents be sacrificed on you, ya rasulAllah (salallahu alayhi wasalam), will anyone be called from all the doors? Yes, and I hope youre (Abu Bakr) going to be of those people
On the Fadila/virtues of sawm.
3
Hadith recorded by Imams Bukhari and Muslim: Abu Hurayra says RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said:
Whoever stands in ramadan (in the middle of the night for salah) with iman and ihtisab, all his sins will be forgiven
Whoever fasts month of ramdan with iman and ihtisab...same
Whoever stands on laylatul qadr with iman and ihtisab his previous sins are all forgiven
1iman - having full yaqin/conviction, devotion, concentration, khushoo, out of love, not taking it as a burden, keeping in mind the inner meanings of it.
2ihtisab- hope of reward from Allah. Intention is 100% for the sake of Allah, to earn his pleasure. Ikhlas.
sins meaning All sins that are connected between him and Allah, but principle- human being has to seek forgiveness from another human being. Returning money etc
4
Long famous hadith - hadith of salman al farisi.He relates this hadith.
Recorded by imam ibnu khuzayma, in his Sahih.
Salman al farisi says: "The Rasul sws gave us a sermon/khutba on the last day of sha'ban. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said in his sermon. O people, a great month has arrived. A month full of blessings/mubarak. Its a month in which there's a night which is better than 1000 months. Allah has made fasting in this month an obligation. And he has made standing in the night optional for you. Whoever attains proximity to Allah with a good action, it is as though he has carried out a fard act out of ramadan. And whoever carries out a fard in ramadan, its as if he carried out 70 fard actions outside of ramadan. Its a month of sabr/patience....
(Many imams on last day of shaban read this full hadith, read Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam's khutba)
Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would anticipate ramadan 2 months in advance. When he salallahu alayhi wasalam saw cresent of rajab, he (salallahu alayhi wasalam) would say Allahuma barklana...
Complaining about fasting/ramadan is being ungrateful for this great blessing
Doing a virtuous nafl in ramadan gains the reward of carrying out a fard outside of ramadan. for ex thawab of fajr can be gained by doing nafl ibada in ramadan
One fajr prayer gets thawab of 70.
...And the reward of sabr is nothing but jannah. This month is a month of sympathy/muwassat. And this month is such that in it the provision/rizq of a believer is increased. Whoever provides iftar for a fasting person, then this is a means of all his sins being forgiven, and it frees him from the fire of hell.And whoever provides iftar for another will share his reward/ (get the same reward without decreasing any of their reward.).
They (sahaba) said - O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam, not all of us have something we can provide others with for iftar. Fa qalla (Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam), (not sure if this is part of the hadith)- (don't worry, its about ikhlas (quantity not quantity))- Allah will you give you this reward even if you provide to the fasting person 1 date, or a drink of water, or a sip of milk. And this is a month, the beginning part of it (first 10 days) is (full of) mercy/rahma. And its middle is forgiveness. And its last (10 days) is freedom from the fire. Whoever lessons the burden from his slave, Allah forgives his sins and frees him from the fire. Try to 4 things as much as possible, 2 things by which you will please your lord, and 2 things you can't do without. As far as the 2 things to please your lord, 1 give shahada as much as possible, 2 make istighfar as much as possible. And the 2 things you cant do without: 1 ask Allah for Jannah, and 2 seek His protection from hellfire. Whoever provides iftar to a fasting person, enough so that he's satisfied, Allah will give him water from my Haawd, on the Day of judgement, so he'll never be thirst until he enters paradise."
Ramadan makes us think about the less fortunate. Getting a feel of how its like to be poor.
First 10 days ask Allah for mercy, next 10 ask for forgiveness, last 10 ask for Jannah and freedom from naar.
Slaves nowadays can apply to managers and their employees.
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Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Every deed of the son of adam is for him, brings 10 hasanat/rewards and it can go to 700. Hadith Qudsi: Allah says, 'except for fast, because fasting is for Me, and I shall reward it, this person has left his desires for my sake.' For a fasting person there are two means of enjoyement. 1.A happiness at the time of iftar. 2 A happiness when he meets his Lord. The odor in the mouth of a fasting person is purer/atyab to Allah than the fragrance of musk."
Imam Bukhari and Muslim, has appeared with different variations.
Quran 6:160
Some ulama said, fast is a unique act of worship. In everything else, except salah, which is short, a human being doesnt leave all his basic needs, in fasting you leave everything.
Others said becuase theres no riya/ostensation in fasting. Totally for Allah alone.
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Abu Hurayra said : RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Upon you a month full of blessings has arrived. Allah has obligated fasting in this month.The doors of the heavens are opened, and the doors of hellfire are closed, and the shayatin are chained. For Allah there is a night which is better than 1000 months. Whoever is deprived its goodness (of the night and the whole month) then this person is totally deprived."
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, and Nisa'i in his Sunan
Ulama say If one cant get himself forgiven, sort himself out in ramadan, its very unlikely he'll ever sort himself out
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Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Whoever does not abandon obscenity/false conversation and acting upon it, then Allah is not in need of this individual abstaining from food and drink."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari, in his sahih.
More to fasting than staying away from food and drink
Sawm al lisan, guarding the tongue
Avoiding sins in ramadan, but specificaly sins of the tongue.
When someone is fasting, he's avoiding 3 halal things. But not staying away from the haram?...
Backbiting, swearing, slandering etc talebearing
Ensure that no word is uttered except that we think thoughuly beforehand..
..like imam Shafi'e used to do. Someone would speak to him, he would think for a while then speak..When asked why, he said he wanted to see if its better for him to speak or remain quiet.
"The one who believes in Allah and the Final Day, let him speak that which is good or keep qurit
zur means lying, but not restricted to that.
Allah is not in need- He doesnt want your fast, no reward. You don't have to make qadha/make up, but no thawab.
One of the early scholars said a fasting person is worshiping Allah constantly as long as he doesnt backbite, even when he's sleeping
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Abu hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Fasting is a shield/junna. Therefore, the person who is fasting, do not be obscene in your talk, do not be foolish/make foolish remarks, and if someone want to argue with you/or slanders/swears at you, he should say brother I'm fasting 2 times.
Imam Bukhari and Muslim recorded it. Mutakhafun alayhi.
Shield meaning its preserving the person from commiting sins and thus falling into hellfire.
Rafath-Allah mentions this with hajj. Quran: 2-197
Rewards are deprived from great acts of worship because of swearing, bickering, etc.
A muslim is considerate in interactions in geneara, but especially when fasting
No obsence language, no foolish talk/provoking others.If someone swears at you, dont retaliate.
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Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "The true fast is not to merely abstain from food and drink, rather True fast is to abstain from futile activities/laghw and obscene talk/rafth.
Recorded by Imam ibnu Hibban in his Sahih
laghw- that which has no benefit in dunya or akhira, wasting time.
The fast which pleases Allah, which He rewards and asks us of is not just avoiding food and drink, which anyone can do,
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Abu Hurayra related: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "When one of you is fasting, then making sure not to use obsence language, and not to be foolish/irresponsible in your speech/yajha. And if someone provokes you, have conrol over youself. Say I am a fasting man. (in a gentle way, not being sarcastic)
Very similar to previous 2 hadiths
Recorded by Imam ibn Majah in his sunan
No slandering, foul, bickering etc
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Abu Hurayra said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said:" ruba/kama how many people are there who fast who gain nothing from their fast except hunger and thirst. And how many people stay awake (qiyam ul layl) but they gain nothing but staying awake.
Recorded by Imam ibn Majah in his Sunan
No thawab/reward from Allah.
Because theyre involved in sins, they don't preserve their limbs, especially the tounge
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'ana Ubaydin mawla rasullah an - in the time of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam 2 women observed fast for ramadan. A man came to RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam and said ya rasulAllah sws there are 2 women who have observed a fast, but due to the extreme thirst they are facing, they could die any moment. RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam remained quiet. The man returned, ya nabiALlah salallahu alayhi wasalam, by Allah the 2 woman are very close to death. Go and bring them. The 2 woman came. When they both came to Rasul sws a utensil was brought to him salallahu alayhi wasalam, and he salallahu alayhi wasalam said to one of the woman vomit in this utensil. This woman vomited, blood puss and flesh came out of her mouth until she filled half the utensil. When they both vomited, Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said, these 2 woman observed their fast, but they sat with one another all day long, and consumed the flesh of people.
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his musnad.
Important, slightly long.
Relating an incident that took place in the time of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam
Hadith sahih.
Quran 49:12
Ghiba, one of the major sins/enormities.
Switch off your phones if you want. Ghiba will destroy the hasanat from reading quran...
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Recorded by Imam Bukhari under chapter heading Chapter Regarding the Removal of Knowledge of Laylatul Qadr because of the Argumentation of People
Ubada bin Samit says:"The Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam once emerged from his house to inform us about laylatul qadr. However, two men from the muslims were arguing. So Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said I came out to inform you when laylatal qadr is. But such and such person and such and such person were bickering, so rof'iyat/Allah took away the knowledge of it. Its probably better for you that way. So search for it in the 9th, 7th, or 5th. (meaning 29th, 27th, or 25th.) (or when 9 nights are remaining, 21st, or 7-23rd, or 5)
Better than 1000 months, meaning the reward of worship in that night is like continous worship for 1000 months
Al jidalu wal mira, argumentation. They take away good things.
Imam Malik used to say: Argumentation even about matters of religion takes away the light of knowledge.
Far better to pray tarawih at home, than in jama at the masjid but harming another, arguing.
General principle. Onion and garlic...cigarrettes...these harm people which is sinful
Avoid argumentation absolutely in ramadan, have sabr, sympathy, courtesy. Mellow down, control your anger.
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Abdullah ibn Amr said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam said: The fast and Quran will intercede on behalf of the slave on the day of judgement. Fast will say ya rabbi I prevented him from eating, drinking, and fulfilling his lawful needs during the day, so therefore accept my intercession. Quran will say ya rabbi I prevented him from sleeping at night. So accept my intercesion. The intercessions will be accepted."
Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his musnad, and Imam Bayhaqi in shu'ab al iman.
Allah will enable a lot of things to speak on doj that normally can't.
Importance of fasting and reciting quran
month of Ramadan has special link to quran
Quantity is imp but quality is greater. Don't forget the adab of reciting quran.
Imam Nawawi- at tabyan fi adabi hamalatil quran
With tadaburr/reflection, with khushoo/devotion, with concentration.
When verses of jannah appear asking for his jannah, mercy and forgiveness.
When verses of hellfire appear, seeking His protection from it.
When He says ya ayuhal ladhena amanu, being attentative.
Being in wudu.
Facing qibla.
Very good to read it at night
With tajweed.
Imam Malik when the month of ramadan would come he would run away from teaching and dedicate it to reciting quran
Imam shafi' would make 60 khatm
Abu Hanafi, 61 khatms. 1 in day, 1 in night, 1 in tarawih.
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Ibn Abbas said: "Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam was the most geneous of people with giving good things/khayr. And his generosity would increase in Ramadhan. And Jibril would meet him on every night in Ramadan until it came to an end. He salallahu alayhi wasalam would present (in another riwaya revise) Quran with Jibril. In this month in which Jibril would meet Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam during the nights, he would be more generous than blowing wind."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari
Ulama have discused reason for this,
Some said because of the virtue of the month.
Also you're helping others carry out good deeds.
Optional charity, besides zakat. Most like to pay it in ramadan, but you can pick any date.
Not just cash but food, clothing, anything we can give with ikhlas/sincerity.
Good to revise/study Quran in ramadhan
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mughira bin shu'ba said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam would stand in prayer at night until his feet would become swolen. He said O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam do you need to exert that much effort? Then should I not be a thankful slave?" In another riwaya, you're protected, forgiven.
Recorded by Imam Bukhari, regarding Rasul's sws tahajjud.
He would do tahajjud excessively, especially in ramadan.
Long qira'a in tahajjud druring ramadan was his salallahu alayhi wasalam practice.
Hudayfa once joined him salallahu alayhi wasalam, he salallahu alayhi wasalam recited baqara, then nisa, then ale imran in 1 rakat. Whenever he passed a verse of fear he would stop and ask Allah's forgiveness and protection...Janah...He did 2 rakats like this when Bilal came to him to let him know the time for fajr would be soon
Hadith in musnad of imam ahmad
Do minimum 2 rakats before suhoor. Time of suhoor is time of dua, asking forgiveness
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Aisha said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam when the last 10 days and 10 nights would arrive in ramadan, he would tighten his mi'zara/resolve, ahya layla/stay awake/gave life to the night, and woke his family.
Imam bukhari and muslim recorded it. Bukhari Chapter regarding actions in the last 10 days.
Shada mi'zara- 2 meanings.
1 some took it literal, meaning he salallahu alayhi wasalam would stay away from any sexual intimicy in the last 10 nights. (No time for that, time for worship.)
2 others didnt take it literaly. Arabs used this phrase to mean to tighten one's resolve. He salallahu alayhi wasalam would observe i'itikaf in these nights.
Also no sleep at night. Sleep if you need after fajr.
Awaken his family, sunnah of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and sahaba, for tahajjud. In some riwayat its mentioned he would knock at door of fatima and ali and say, aren't you going to salah?
After 1/2 the night passed, Wmar would wake his family saying as salah as salah reciting wa'mur ahlaka bis salati wastabir alayha.
In the begining of Islam, it was haram to have any relations with wives at night, but that was hard on the muslims.
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Anas said: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam was once asked, which fast is most virtueous after the fast of ramadan? He said the fast of sha'ban. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam was asked what form of charity/sadaqa is most virtuous? He salallahu alayhi wasalam said charity in the month of ramadan.
Recorded by imam timidhi.
Every good is increased in ramadan.
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Anas ibn malik said: Nabi salallahu alayhi wasalam said: Observe suhoor/pre dawn meal, because verily there is baraka/blessings in suhoor.
Both imam bukhari and muslim.
Command of recommendation/it is mustahab, not wajib.
Delaying it to the last moments before dawn, most baraka and reward
Sahoor.
Suhoor. Imam nawawi said if its with fatha, the food is called sahoor. The act of eating is suhoor.
One of the wisdoms is it helps people offer tahajjud. Sunnah of rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and sahaba.
Baraka, phyicsical baraka, it gives us physical energy
Spititual baraka, at that time rahma descends, time of istighfar and acceptance of dua. Helps us carry out good deeds
At least have a few dates, or water, for the sake of attaining the baraka, and following the sunnah.
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Irdad bin sariya: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam once invited me to suhoor in ramadhan. He said come to the blessed/mubarak meal.
Recorded by imam abu dawud and imam nasa'ie in their sunans.
1 Suhoor is full of blessings
2 Sunnah to invite people for suhoor
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Abu Hurayra said: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "Blessed/na'ma is the suhoor of a believer which is dates.
Recorded by imam abu dawud in his sunan
He salallahu alayhi wasalam is praising suhoor with dates in it.
Consume some dates with the intention of acting upon his salallahu alayhi wasalam sunah.
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Sahl ibn sa'd relates: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: "People will always be in a good state/ be at ease, as long as they haste to do iftar.
Recorded by Imams Bukhari and Muslim
Sunnah to delay suhoor as much as possible,
&
being hasty with ending the fast. Intention of acting upon the sunnah
To delay it without a need considerably is mukruh.
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Anas ibn Malik relates: Whoever finds dates, then he should open his fast on dates, if he cannot find dates, he should open his fast on water, because water is pure/purifcation for him
Recorded by Imam tirmidhi in his sunan as well as imam nisa'e and dawud and others
About iftar
Whats sunah to have first when opening the fast
Variation: When one of you opens your fast,, then open your fast on dates, because theres baraka in it. And whoever does not find dates, let him open on water, becasue it is purifying for him
Dates, then water.
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Anas ibn malik says: Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast before he would pray on a few rutubat/wet dates. If there were no rutub dates available, then with tumayrat/few dried dates. If no tumayrat, then a few sips of water
About Iftar
Recorded by imam tirmidhi, and abu dawud
Sunnah is to open fast before salat
&
to have a few dates, few sips of water, then pray. Leave the meal till after we pray. Most people don't do siwak.
Salah is invalidated when food pieces go down the throat.
If someone is very hungry , eat well, wash down thoroughly then pray.
Imam tirmidhi relates that in winter months he salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast with dates, in summer months with water
Dates are mubarak and water is tahoor.
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Recored by Imam abu dawud in his sunan
Muadh ibnu zahra relates: When (before) rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would open his fast, he'd say:
Allahuma laka sumtu, 'ala rizq ika aftartu . Sunnah before to recite before opening the fast. All about what Allah commands. Our fasting was for him, and our food is his. If he says eat, we eat, if he says don't eat, we don't.
Diffirent version
اللَّهُمَّ اِنِّى لَكَ صُمْتُ وَبِكَ امنْتُ [وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ] وَعَلَى رِزْقِكَ اَفْطَرْتُ
Allahumma Inni laka sumtu wa bika amantu [wa alayka tawakkalto] wa ‘ala rizqika aftartu
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Recored by Imam Abu Dawud in his sunan
Abdullah ibn Umar said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam after opening his fast, he'd say:
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ، وَ ثَبَتَ الأجْرُ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Transliteration:
dhahabadh dhama-u wabtallatil ‘urooqu, wa tha-batal ajru insha Allah
My hunger has gone, my veins are now wet, and inshallah reward has been established
27
Recorded by imam Bukhari and Muslim
Chapter in sahih bukhari- A fasting person can be in a state of major ritual impurity (Janaba)
A junob is a person in a state of janaba
Abdarrahman ibn Harith relates from aisha and umm salma: "Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would enter fajr time, whilst he would be in a state of janaba, due to having relations with his wife. Then he'd make ghusl."
His salallahu alayhi wasalam wives would relate personal home matters to us.
Sexual relations are fine till the last minute before fajr.
Not even mukruh.
28
Recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim in their sahihs
Abu Hurayra related: Nabi sws said: "When a fasting person forgets and eats and drinks, then he should complete his fast, because Allah has feed him and Allah has given him drink."
khatab-mistake
nisyan-forgeting
mistake-person knows they're fasting, but for ex they're gargling and a little goes down, the fast is broken and they have to make it up.
Most of the imams of the schools say that if a person forgetfully eats/drinks they dont have to make it up.
Imam Malik says you have to make it up but theres no sin
29
Recored by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
About fasting while traveling
Anas ibn Malik : We were traveling with RasulALlah salallahu alayhi wasalam. While we were on the journey, some observed the fast, and others didn't. The ones who fasted didnt rebuke/ look down on those who didnt. And those who didn't didn't rebuke those who did."
Verse in the quran says if someone's
ill
or
traveling he doesnt have to fast
Ulama say you should try to fast if its not difficult when traveling, if is difficult then don't fast.
Sahaba had ikhtilaf, they didnt dispute.
Make up for it when youre able to do so if you dont
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Jabir Ibn Abdullah said: RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam was once in a journey. Whilst they were traveling, he saw a crowd, and a man they were crowding around and giving him shade. So he said ma hadha. They said he's fasting. (this part is found in other than sahih of bukhari) Fasting while your traveling is not min al birri/act of piety.
Commentators say it was extremely hot, some say the man was abu israel al 'amali?, traveling and fasting. He became unconcious.
Important to take context of hadiths. It was very difficult, traveling in the desert.
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Abu Hurayra: Rasul sws said, "whoever misses/fails to observe one day of fast of ramadhan, without an excuse, or any illness, even if he was to fast all his life it wouldn't be enough for him."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari in his sahih and many others
ill, traveling
if you break fast, kafara-60 days fast
if you miss one altohether, you have to make it up, after ramadhan.
The sin is gone then, but the blessings and thawab etc you lost you can never be made up for
However one who makes up with an excuse gets same reward.
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Talks about kafara
kafara - penalty/expiation. When one without an excuse breaks an already observed fast, according to most ulama this person in addition to qadha has to do kafara, 60 days continous fasting
qadha - make up.
Summary of hadith
Abu Hurayra says we were sitting with rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam and a man came. He said O Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam I'm destroyed. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said what's wrong? In another variation what's destroyed you? I've had sexual relations with my wife whilst fasting. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said theres kafara, do you have a slave you can free? No. Can you fast 2 months consecutively? No. Can you feed 60 poor people? He said he can't afford that. Someone came with a bundle of dates. He salallahu alayhi wasalam said to him, take this and do kafara with it. He said there's no one in Medina as poor as my family, can I feed my family?
Sahaba werent shy, they were very open with Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam
You need to geniounly be in physcial state where you cant fast 2 months consecutively to feed 60 poor.
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Aisha relates RasulAllah sws said: Search for laylatul qadr in the odd nights from the last 10 nights of ramadhan.
Reward for worshp of Allah in this night is = to worshiping Allah for 1000 months
All duas are accepted in it.
21 , 23 , 25 , 27, 29
Many ahadith have been mentioned regarding laylatul Qadr
Another hadith: Seek it in the 27th night. Another in the 21st. another in 23 etc.
According to some ulama laylatul qadr can occur at any night in the year, but most likely in ramadan, in ramadan most likely in last 10 nights, and from the last 10 nights, the odd nights. And some said most likely 27th. But others said 25, 23 etc.
Be very careful with our time in the last odd nights. In the hopes that maybe its laylatulqadr.
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Aisha says: I asked the RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam ya rasulAllah if I find laylatulqadr, what should I say in it. Say: Allahuma inaka 'afufun tuhibbu 'afwa, fa' fu'wani
O Allah you are forgiving, you love forgiving, so forgive me
Some ahadith have mentioned certain signs of laylatulqadr
Generaly recite this, but excessively in the last 10 nights
Imam tirmidhi says its sahih, recorded in Musnad of Imam Ahmad, Imam ibn Majah, and imam tirmidhi
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Recorded by Imam Bukhari and Muslim
Books of hadith have sections of i'tikaf, kitab ul i'tikaf
Abd Allah Ibn Umar Said: "RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam would perform i'itikaf in the last 10 days of ramadan."
i'tikaf - Spiritual retreat. It is a great form of ibada
Can be done outside of ramadan, but specific to and most rewarding in ramadan
Remaining with intention of seclusion in masjid where 5 prayers are prayed.
Sunna of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam. Numerous ahadith regarding his salallahu alayhi wasalam i'itikaf.
Every year he salallahu alayhi wasalam observed itikaf
Concept is that a person is dedicating himself to Allah. At least for 10 days of the year we should totally devote ourselves to ibada of Allah
'Ata used to say the example of a person observing i'itkaf is like a man on the door of the emir for a need. The mu'takif goes to the door of Allah saying O Allah I won't leave until you forgive me.
Another hadith in Bukhari, in every ramadan he salallahu alayhi wasalam observed last 10 days itikaf, his sws last year he observed 20 days.
Many ahadith talk about its virtues. At least do it once in ones life time.
* sunnah mu'akada kifaya.
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Abd Allah ibn Umar relates - Umar ibn al khattab asked Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam, O RasulAllah salallahu alayhi wasalam in the jahiliyya I made a vow that I will observe i'itikaf for 1 night in masjid al haram. Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said: Fulfill your vow."
Recorded by Imam Bukhari. Babun al 'itikafi laylan
If one cannot do a full 24 hour itikaf, at least do some nafl i'tikaf in the month of ramadan.
We can make intention of itikaf any time we enter masjid
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Recorded by Imam Tirmidhi in his sunan, classified sahih
Aisha says: "The fasts I used to not observe in Ramadhan, I wouldnt make them up, except in Sha'ban, until Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam passed away."
Being mindful of the rights of the husband
Any time he salallahu alayhi wasalam may need his company, to fulfill his needs, etc, so she wouldnt fast except in Sha'ban
Sha'ban is full of blessings.
Aisha said He salallahu alayhi wasalam used to fast most of sha'ban, rather he would fast all of it.
I've not observed Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam observe more fast in any month except in the month of sha'ban.
She would excessively fast after death of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam throughout the year
A woman is forbidden observe nafl fast whilst the husband is present without his permission
Some commentators point out that one of the wisdoms of Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam fasting in Sha'ban, was to support his wives so that they'd complete their fasts.
Encouraged for husband to fast with the women making up fasts. And not to expect them to cook etc.
You don't need to make up fasts straight away.
Wrong/sinful to delay after next Ramadan. You should tell someone/write down the fasts you werent able to make up so if you die and didn't make them up, a relative can pay to compensate for it.
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Recorded by Imam Muslim in his Sahih.
Abu Ayyub al Ansari - Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam said : "Whoever observes the fast of Ramadhan, then follows it with 6 from the shawwal. It is as though he has observed fast for a whole year
According to most scholars it is mustahhab to fast six days in the month of Shawwal
After eid, haram to fast in eid.
Better to do it consecutively, but most ulama say its fine to do it seperately within Shawwal.
Some ulama said fasting in the month before and after is like the sunnah prayers before and after the fard.
Sha'ban and Shawwal, greatly encouraged to fast in them.
Any difficencies in fasts of Ramadhan can be compensated for with the nafl fast in Sha'ban and Shawwal
Reward is only if you complete Ramadhan. Sisters should first complete the make up fasts then nawafil. Some ulama say its fine to combine intention.
One of the wisdoms mentioned by some ulama is every good act's reward is tenfold, so 30 days of fasting in ramadan times 10 is 300 fasts. 6 fasts of shawwal are another 60. So reward of 360 days of fasting.
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Related by Anas Ibn Malik : Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam would eat a few dates before leaving for salat al fitr.
Recorded by Imam Tirmidhi in his sunan
One of many hadiths relating to eid al fitr. Many sunans mentioned with them. The nights preceding them are nights of worshiping and turning to Allah
Before you leave for salah of eid al fitr, eat a few dates. If no dates then anything sweet with intention of following sunnah will do.
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Recorded by Imam Ibn Hibban in his Sahih
Abu Hurayra relates: Once Rasul salallahu alayhi wasalam climbed up the minbar and said amen 3 times. When the sahaba asked him why, he sws said Jibril came to me, and he said whoever despite obtaining the month of ramdhan was not forgiven, and entered the Hellfire, Allah remove him away. Say Amin. Whoever finds his parents in old age and doesn't obtain jannah from serving them, and he's disobeying them, because of which he enters hellfire, Allah take/throw him away. Say amin. Whoever hears my name and fails to recite blessings, Allah throw him away far. Say Amin. I said Amin.
the shaykh mentions a portion of the hadith.
Sums up the whole month of Ramadhan
Some of the salaf used to say whoever was not able to get himself forgiven in ramadhan, he'll never get himself forgiven.